by后面跟句子吗 by后面更什么? by后面应该加什么词
介词“by”后接成分全解析
根据多篇权威语法资料及高频考试要点,下面内容是介词“by” 后接成分的详细分类与用法说明,涵盖名词、动名词、数量词等多种情况:
一、后接名词
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地点名词
- 含义:表示“在……旁边”或“从……旁经过”。
- 例句:
She satby the window reading a book.
The hiker passedby the lake quietly.
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时刻名词
- 含义:表示“到……时为止”,常与完成时连用。
- 例句:
By next Friday, the project must be completed.
By the end of last year, they had planted 1,000 trees.
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交通工具或方式名词
- 制度:名词前不加冠词,单数形式。
- 例句:
He travelsby train every weekend.
Messages can be sentby email instantly.
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抽象名词
- 含义:表示“依靠、通过某种手段”。
- 例句:
She succeededby hard work and persistence.
The answer was foundby logic, not luck.
二、后接动名词(动词-ing形式)
- 含义:表示“通过做某事的方式或手段”。
- 制度:动词必须变为动名词形式。
- 例句:
He improved his Englishby watching movies.
By practicing daily, she mastered the piano.
三、后接数量词
-
表示增减程度
- 例句:
Sales increasedby 20% this quarter.
The temperature droppedby 5 degrees.
- 例句:
-
表示尺寸或运算
- 例句:
The room measures 3 metersby 4 meters.
5 multipliedby 3 equals 15.
- 例句:
四、后接身体部位或衣物名词
- 含义:表示“抓住某部位”,常与catch/seize等动词搭配。
- 例句:
The police caught the thiefby the arm.
She pulled the childby the collar.
五、固定搭配
-
被动语态:引出动作执行者。
The novel was writtenby a famous author.
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常用短语:
- by accident(偶然)
- by heart(熟记)
- by the way(顺便说)
常见错误与避坑指南
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错误:by后接动词原形
- 正确形式:by + 动名词(如 by working, not by work)。
-
冠词误用
- 交通工具前不加冠词:by car(正确),by a car(错误)。
-
与with的区别
- by 强调动作执行者,with 强调工具:
The door was openedby a key(误)→with a key(正)。
- by 强调动作执行者,with 强调工具:
介词“by”后接成分多样,需结合语境选择名词、动名词或数量词,并注意固定搭配及冠词制度。掌握上述要点可有效避免语法错误,提升表达的准确性。
